Syllabus Sixth Semester Antenna & Wave propagation EC602
The concepts developed in this course will aid in quantification of several concepts in chemistry that have been introduced at the 10+2 levels in schools. Technology is being increasingly based on the electronic, atomic and molecular level modifications, Syllabus Sixth Semester Antenna & Wave propagation EC602 is given here.
Quantum theory is more than 100 years old and to understand phenomena at nanometer levels, one has to base the description of all chemical processes at molecular levels. The course will enable the student to:
- Analyse microscopic chemistry in terms of atomic and molecular orbitals and intermolecular forces.
- Rationalise bulk properties and processes using thermodynamic considerations.
- Distinguish the ranges of the electromagnetic spectrum used for exciting different molecular energy levels in various spectroscopic techniques
- Rationalise periodic properties such as ionization potential, electronegativity, oxidation states and electronegativity.
- List major chemical reactions that are used in the synthesis of molecules.
EC 602 – Antenna & Wave propagation
Potential function and the Electromagnetic field, potential functions for Sinusoidal Oscillations, retarded potential, the Alternating current element (or oscillating Electric Dipole), Power radiated by a current element, Application to short antennas, Assumed current distribution, Radiation from a Quarter wave monopole or Half wave dipole, sine and cosine integral, Electromagnetic field close to an antenna, Solution of the potential equations, Far-field Approximation
Introduction, network theorems, directional properties of dipole antennas, travelling –wave antennas and effect of feed on standing-wave antennas, two –element array, horizontal patterns in broad-cast arrays, linear arrays, multiplication of patterns ,effect of earth on vertical patterns, Binomial array, antenna gain, effective area.
log periodic antenna, loop antenna, helical antenna, biconical antenna, folded dipole antenna, Yagi-Uda antenna, lens antenna, turnstile antenna. Long wire antenna: resonant and travelling wave antennas for different wave lengths, V-antenna, rhombic antenna, beverage antenna,
Aperture and slot
Radiation from rectangular apertures, Uniform and Tapered aperture, Horn antenna , Reflector antenna , Aperture blockage , Feeding structures , Slot antennas ,Microstrip antennas – Radiation mechanism – Application ,Numerical tool for antenna analysis
Propagation of radio waves
Fundamentals of electromagnetic waves, effects of the environment, modes of propagation. Ground wave propagation- Introduction, plane earth reflection, space wave and surface wave, transition between surface and space wave, tilt of wave front due to ground losses. Space wave propagation- Introduction, field strength relation, effects of imperfect earth, curvature of earth and interference zone, shadowing effect of hills and buildings, absorption by atmospheric phenomena, variation of field strength with height, super refraction, scattering, tropospheric propagation, fading, path loss calculations. Sky wave propagation- Introduction, structural details of the ionosphere, wave propagation mechanism, refraction and reflection of sky waves by ionosphere, ray path, critical frequency, MUF, LUF, OF, virtual height, skip distance, relation between MUF and skip distance.
Practical List
1. To Plot the Radiation Pattern of an Omni Directional Antenna.
2. To Plot the Radiation Pattern of a Directional Antenna.
3. To Plot the Radiation Pattern of a Parabolic Reflector Antenna.
4. To Plot the Radiation Pattern of a Log Periodic Antenna.
5. To Plot the Radiation Pattern of a Patch Antenna.
6. To Plot the Radiation Pattern of a Dipole/ Folded Dipole Antenna.
7. To Plot the Radiation Pattern of a Yagi (3-EL/4EL) Antenna.
8. To Plot the Radiation Pattern of a Monopole/ WHIP/ Collinear Antenna.
9. To Plot the Radiation Pattern of a Broad site Antenna.
10. To Plot the Radiation Pattern of a Square Loop Antenna.
Books Recommended
1. Jordan and Balmain: Electromagnetic Waves and Radiating System, PHI Learning.
2. Krauss: Antennas and wave propagation, TMH.
3. Balanis: Antenna Theory Analysis and Design, Wiley India Pvt. Ltd.
4. Harish and Sachidananda: Antennas and wave propagation, Oxford University Press.
5. Raju: Antennas and Wave Propagation, Pearson Education.
6. Kennedy: Electronic Communication Systems, TMH.
